The Politics behind Aid and Cooperation Norms: Critical Reflections on the Normative Role of Brazil and the United Kingdom
RUBENS DE SIQUEIRA DUARTE
FOREWORD BY CARLOS R. S. MILANI & MARIA REGINA SOARES DE LIMA
This book examines the use of norms by British and Brazilian actors in aid/cooperation in the 21st century, unveiling the politics behind norm circulation. Inspired by a constructivist approach, this research analyses actors’ agency in asymmetric international and domestic environments, in which different norms, dissimilar identities, and opposing interests coexist. Regardless of the discourses and theories surrounding the differentiation between North-South and South-South aid/cooperation, British and Brazilian actors use norms to achieve their own goals at the domestic and international levels. Processes of norm circulation in aid/cooperation have a greater impact at the international level and within the domestic environment of donor/partner countries, than in promoting behavioral changes in recipient countries. However, the content of British and Brazilian norms is different given their historical position in the international architecture and domestic context. The present study sought to unveil the politics behind how actors use aid/cooperation norms in order to achieve their goals in three major instances: 1- the international forums where actors debate the aid/cooperation architecture; 2- the domestic environment of donor/partner countries; and, 3- the domestic level of recipient countries, where international norms are diffused.
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Rubens de Siqueira Duarte is associate professor at the Brazilian Army Command and General Staff College.
Content:
Chapter 1: Norms, Behavior and Politics: An Analytical Framework
Chapter 2: The Origin, Growth, Institutionalization and Contestation of Aid/Cooperation International Architecture
Chapter 3: British and Brazilian Norms as Governments Claim to be
Chapter 4: Centralized Structure, Participation and Coordination: The Case of the United
Chapter 5: The Use of Norms by British Actors Domestically and at the International Level
Chapter 6: Decentralized Structure and Lack Of Coordination: The Brazilian Case
Chapter 7: The Responsibility While Promoting Development and Domestic Disputes
Review:
In a time of increasing interest on new actors and new modalities of international development cooperation, Rubens Duarte’s The Politics behind Aid and Cooperation Norms: Critical Reflections on the Normative Role of Brazil and the United Kingdom offers an inestimable contribution to this area of studies by demonstrating the different conceptions and practices of the North and South, and especially by showing that, in spite of the differences between them, power relations within and between states are inescapable factors to be taken into account in all and any analysis on the subject.
— Leticia Pinheiro, Rio de Janeiro State University’s Institute for Social and Political Studies